Papeş, M., Peterson, A.T., and Powel, G.N.V. 2012. Vegetation dynamics and avian seasonal migration: clues from remotely sensed vegetation indices and ecological niche modeling. Journal of biogeography. 39:652-664.
In this study, the authors investigated the altitudinal and latitudinal movement patterns of the three-wattled bellbird (Procnias tricarunculatus) in Costa Rica. They focused their research on two different populations: a) On the Monteverde bellbird population, they studied the relationship between vegetation seasonality and bellbird pattern of movement, using Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) obtained from the satellite Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectoradiometer (MODIS), and b) In ArcGIS 9.2, three vegetation indices derived from MODIS bands, and GARP and Maxent models were utilized to predict the seasonal distribution of another population, which breeding locations or migration patterns are unknown. On the first case, the annual variation of the vegetation could not explain the bellbird pattern of movements. On the second case, they predicted that both lowlands, Pacific and Atlantic, are suitable for the species all year around, and only a small fraction of middle elevations is predicted to be suitable.
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